Oracle7 Server Application Developer's Guide
Library
Product
Contents
Index
Index
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
@
%ROWTYPE attribute
[
2
]
used in stored functions
%TYPE attribute
[
2
]
A
access, object
granting privileges
revoking privileges
access
database
revoking privileges
objects
sequences
triggers
[
2
]
adding labels
ADMIN option
AFTER triggers, auditing and
[
2
]
correlation names and
specifying
alerters
ALL_ERRORS view
for debugging stored procedures
ALL_LABELS view
allocation, extents
ALTER CLUSTER command
ALLOCATE EXTENT option
ALTER FUNCTION command
[
2
]
ALTER INDEX command
ALTER PACKAGE command
ALTER PROCEDURE command
ALTER SEQUENCE command
ALTER TABLE command
[
2
]
defining integrity constraints
DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS option
DISABLE integrity constraint option
DROP integrity constraint option
ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS option
ENABLE integrity constraint option
INITRANS parameter in
ALTER TRIGGER command
DISABLE option
ENABLE option
ALTER VIEW command
ALTER_COMPILE procedure
altering
storage parameters
tables
[
2
]
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), ANSI-compatible locking
anonymous PL/SQL blocks, about
[
2
]
compared to triggers
dynamic SQL and
ANSI SQL92, FIPS flagger
applications
calling stored procedures and packages
designing
[
2
]
designing database
maintaining
roles
security and
tuning
unhandled exceptions in
arrays of C structs
auditing, triggers and
B
BEFORE triggers
correlation names and
specifying
BIND_VARIABLE procedure
BIND_VARIABLE procedures
blank padding data, performance considerations
body, triggers
business rules
C
CACHE option, CREATE SEQUENCE command
[
2
]
caches
sequence cache
sequence numbers
CASCADE option, integrity constraints
CASE tools
CATPROC.SQL file
[
2
] [
3
]
CHAR datatype
increasing column length
when to use
CHARARR datatype, in DBMS_OUTPUT
CHECK constraint
data integrity
designing
NOT NULL constraint and
number of
restricting nulls using
restrictions on
triggers and
when to use
client-side development tools
CLOSE_CURSOR procedure
[
2
]
CLOSE_DATABASE_LINK procedure
clusters
allocating extents
choosing data
[
2
]
creating
dropped tables and
dropping
index creation
integrity constraints and
keys
performance considerations
privileges for creating
COLUMN_VALUE procedure
COLUMN_VALUE_LONG procedure
[
2
]
columns
accessing in triggers
default values
generating derived values with triggers
granting privileges for selected
increasing length
listing in an UPDATE trigger
[
2
]
multiple FOREIGN KEY constraints
number of CHECK constraints limit
revoking privileges from
comments, on Oracle documentation
COMMIT command
communication, between sessions
comparison operators, comparing labels
COMPILE option, of ALTER PROCEDURE command
compliance with industry standards
composite keys, restricting nulls in
concurrency
conditional predicates
in trigger bodies
trigger bodies
consistency, read-only transactions
constraining tables
constraints, composite UNIQUE keys
conventions, used in this Guide
conversion functions
TO_CHAR function
TO_LABEL function
converting data
correlation names
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
]
NEW
OLD
REFERENCING option and
when preceded by a colon
CREATE CLUSTER command
[
2
]
hash clusters
HASH IS option
HASHKEYS option
CREATE INDEX command
[
2
]
ON CLUSTER option
CREATE PACKAGE BODY command
CREATE PACKAGE command
CREATE ROLE command
CREATE SCHEMA command
privileges required
CREATE SEQUENCE command
CACHE option
CACHE parameter
examples
NOCACHE option
CREATE TABLE command
[
2
] [
3
]
CLUSTER option
defining integrity constraints
INITRANS parameter in
CREATE TRIGGER command
REFERENCING option
CREATE VIEW command
OR REPLACE option
WITH CHECK OPTION
[
2
]
CREATE_PIPE procedure
creating
clusters
hash clusters
indexes
integrity constraints
multiple objects
packages
sequences
[
2
]
synonyms
tables
[
2
]
triggers
views
CURRVAL pseudo-column
restrictions
cursor variables
declaring and opening
cursors
closing
maximum number of
pointers to
private SQL areas and
D
data blocks, factors affecting size of
data conversion
data dictionary
dropped tables and
integrity constraints in
schema object views
database
administrator
designing
global name in a distributed system
normalizing
security
schemas and
triggers
datatypes
ANSI
CHAR
column lengths for character types
DATE
DB2
LONG
LONG RAW
NUMBER
PL/SQL
RAW
ROWID
SQL/DS
summary of
VARCHAR
VARCHAR2
date arithmetic
DATE datatype
DBA_ERRORS view
for debugging stored procedures
DBA_ROLE_PRIVS view
DBMS labels
DBMS MAC mode
retrieving
OS MAC mode
retrieving
DBMS_ALERT package
about
creating
DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO package
DBMS_DEFER package
DBMS_DEFER_QUERY package
DBMS_DEFER_SYS package
DBMS_DESCRIBE package
[
2
]
creating
DBMS_JOB package
DBMS_LOCK package
[
2
] [
3
]
creating
security
DBMS_OUTPUT package
[
2
]
creating
examples
GET_LINE procedure
NEW_LINE procedure
PUT procedure
PUT_LINE procedure
DBMS_PIPE package
[
2
]
creating
DBMS_REFRESH package
DBMS_REPCAT package
DBMS_REPCAT_ADMIN package
DBMS_REPCAT_AUTH package
DBMS_SHARED_POOL package
DBMS_SNAPSHOT package
DBMS_SPACE package
DBMS_SQL functions
DBMS_SQL package
[
2
]
creating
DBMS_SYSTEM package
DBMSALRT.SQL file
DBMSDESC.SQL file
DBMSLOCK.SQL file
[
2
]
DBMSOTPT.SQL file
DBMSPIPE.SQL file
DBMSSQL.SQL file
DDL statements, package state and
debugging
stored procedures
triggers
DECLARE, not used in stored procedures
default
column values
maximum savepoints
PCTFREE option
PCTUSED option
role
DEFINE_COLUMN procedure
[
2
]
DEFINE_COLUMN_LONG procedure
[
2
]
DELETE command
column values and triggers
data consistency
triggers for referential integrity
[
2
]
dependencies
among PL/SQL library objects
in stored triggers
listing information about
object
UTLDTREE.SQL
the release 7.2 model
the timestamp model
DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE procedure
Designer/2000
designing applications
assessing needs
Developer/2000
DISABLE procedure
[
2
]
disabling
integrity constraints
triggers
distributed databases
referential integrity and
remote stored procedures
[
2
]
triggers and
distributed queries
distributed transactions, LOCK TABLE command
DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT parameter, LOCK TABLE command and
DROP CLUSTER command
[
2
]
DROP INDEX command
privileges required
DROP ROLE command
DROP TABLE command
DROP TRIGGER command
dropping
clusters
hash clusters
indexes
integrity constraints
packages
procedures
roles
sequences
synonyms
tables
triggers
views
dynamic SQL
anonymous blocks and
DBMS_SQL functions, using
DBMS_SQL package
errors, locating
examples
execution flow in
LAST_ERROR_POSITION function
LAST_ROW_COUNT function
LAST_ROW_ID function
LAST_SQL_FUNCTION_CODE function
security
E
embedded SQL
ENABLE procedure
[
2
]
enabling
integrity constrains
integrity constraints
at creation
reporting exceptions
when violations exist
roles
triggers
Entity-Relationship model
errors
application errors raised by Oracle packages
creating views with errors
locating in dynamic SQL
remote procedures and
returned by DBMS_ALERT package
returned by DBMS_DESCRIBE package
returned by DBMS_OUTPUT
returned by DBMS_PIPES package
user-defined
[
2
]
events, signalling with alerters
exception handlers, in PL/SQL
exceptions
defining
during trigger execution
effects on applications
remote procedures and
unhandled
exclusive locks, LOCK TABLE command
EXECUTE function
[
2
]
EXECUTE_AND_FETCH function
execution flow, in dynamic SQL
explicit locking, manual locking
extents
allocating
dropped tabled and
F
FCLOSE procedure
FCLOSE_ALL procedure
features
feedback, on Oracle documentation
FETCH_ROWS function
FETCH_ROWS procedure
FFLUSH procedure
file I/O, in PL/SQL
file ownership, with the UTL_FILE package
FIPS flagger, interactive SQL statements and
FIXED_DATE parameter
FOPEN function
FOR EACH ROW clause
FOREIGN KEY constraint, defining
[
2
]
enabling
[
2
]
NOT NULL constraint and
number of rows referencing parent table
one-to-many relationship
[
2
]
one-to-one relationship
UNIQUE key constraint and
updating tables
[
2
]
G
GET_LINE procedure
[
2
] [
3
]
GET_LINES procedure
[
2
]
GRANT command
ADMIN option
object privileges
system privileges
when in effect
WITH GRANT option
granting privileges and roles
H
hash clusters
choosing key
creating
dropping
root block
when to use
hiding PL/SQL code
I
IN OUT parameter mode
IN parameter mode
indexes
creating
dropped tables and
dropping
guidelines
order of columns
privileges
specifying PCTFREE for
SQL*Loader and
temporary segments and
when to create
industry standards compliance
initialization part of package, avoiding problems with
INITRANS parameter
INSERT command
column values and triggers
read consistency
integrity constraints
altering
application uses
clusters and
defining
disabling
[
2
]
dropping
enabling
enabling at creation
enabling when violations exist
examples
exceptions to
listing definitions of
naming
performance considerations
privileges required for creating
restrictions for adding or dropping
triggers vs.
[
2
]
using in applications
violations
when to disable
when to use
interactive block execution
invalid views
IS_OPEN function
[
2
]
IS_ROLE_ENABLED procedure
ISOLATION LEVEL
changing
SERIALIZABLE
J
join view
DELETE statements
key-preserved tables in
mergeable
modifying
UPDATE statements
when modifiable
Julian dates, using
K
key-preserved tables
in join views
in outer joins
keys
foreign keys
unique
L
labels
adding
altering DBMS labels
comparing
converting
defining, guidelines
displaying DBMS labels
formatting
installation-specific component
retrieving from table or view
LAST_ERROR_POSITION function
LAST_ROW_COUNT function
LAST_ROW_ID function
LAST_SQL_FUNCTION_CODE function
local procedures, in a package body
LOCK TABLE command
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
]
locking
application design and
indexed foreign keys and
manual (explicit)
unindexed foreign keys and
locks
distributed
LOCK TABLE command
[
2
] [
3
]
monitoring
privileges for manual acquirement
user locks
UTLLOCKT.SQL script
LONG datatype
use in triggers
LONG RAW datatype
use in triggers
M
maintaining applications
manual locking
LOCK TABLE command
MAX_ENABLED_ROLES parameter, default roles and
MAXTRANS option
messages, between sessions
MLSLABEL datatype
modes, of parameters
modifiable join view, definition of
mutating tables
N
name resolution
national language support
NEW_LINE procedure
[
2
]
NEW, correlation name
NEXT_ITEM_TYPE function
NEXTVAL pseudo-column
[
2
]
restrictions
NOCACHE option, CREATE SEQUENCE statement
normalization
NOT NULL constraint
CHECK constraint and
data integrity
when to use
NOWAIT option
NUMBER datatype
O
objects, schema
granting privileges
listing information
name resolution
renaming
revoking privileges
when revoking object privileges
OCI
OLD, correlation name
one-to-many relationship, with foreign keys
one-to-one relationship, with foreign keys
OPEN_CURSOR function
[
2
]
OPEN_CURSORS parameter
operating system, roles and
optimizer, using hints in applications
OR REPLACE clause, for creating packages
Oracle Call Interface
applications
new functionality in
Oracle errors
Oracle Precompilers, calling stored procedures and packages
Oracle Procedure Builder
Oracle-supplied packages, where documented
OUT parameter mode
outer joins
key-preserved tables in
overloading
of packaged functions
stored procedure names
using RESTRICT_REFERENCES
P
PACK_MESSAGE procedure
package
package body
package specification
packages
compilation, avoiding runtime
creating
DBMS_OUTPUT
dropping
in PL/SQL
listing information about
minimizing object dependencies and
naming of
privileges
privileges for execution
privileges required to create
privileges required to create procedures in
recompiling
session state and
supplied by Oracle
synonyms
using in applications
where documented
[
2
]
parallel server
distributed locks
sequence numbers and
parameter
default values
with stored functions
file
[
2
]
modes
PARSE procedure
[
2
]
parse tree
pcode, when generated for triggers
PCTFREE storage parameter
altering
block overhead and
default
guidelines for setting
[
2
] [
3
]
indexes for
non-clustered tables
PCTUSED storage parameter
altering
block overhead and
default
guidelines for setting
[
2
] [
3
]
non-clustered tables
performance, database
clusters and
index column order
performance
ROW_LOCKING parameter
SERIALIZABLE parameter
pipes
between sessions
private
public
domain of
PL/SQL
anonymous blocks
calling remote stored procedures
cursor variables
datatypes
numeric codes for
dependencies among library units
exception handlers
file I/O
file I/O security
functions
overloading
parameter default values
RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma
using
hiding source code
packages
program units
dropped tables and
replaced views and
RAISE statement
tables
of records
trigger bodies
user-defined errors
pragma
[
2
]
precompiler, applications
precompilers
PRIMARY KEY constraint
altering
choosing a primary key
disabling
enabling
multiple columns in
UNIQUE key constraint vs.
private SQL areas, cursors and
privileges
altering sequences
altering tables
cluster creation
creating integrity constraints
creating tables
disabling triggers
dropping a view
dropping sequences
dropping tables
dropping triggers
enabling roles and
granting
[
2
] [
3
]
index creation
managing
manually acquiring locks
on selected columns
recompiling packages or procedures
recompiling triggers
recompiling views
renaming objects
replacing views
revoking
[
2
] [
3
]
sequence creation
stored procedure execution
synonym creation
triggers
using a view
using sequences
view creation
when revoking object privileges
procedures
compilation, avoiding runtime
listing information about
local
supplied
using in applications
profiles, application design and
program units, in PL/SQL
PUBLIC user group
granting and revoking privileges to
procedures and
purity level
PUT procedure
[
2
] [
3
]
maximum output size for
PUT_LINE procedure
[
2
] [
3
]
maximum output size for
PUTF procedure
Q
queries, distributed
R
RAISE statement
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure
remote procedures and
raising exceptions, triggers
RAW datatype
read-only transactions
RECEIVE_MESSAGE function
recompilation, avoiding runtime
REFERENCING option
referential integrity
distributed databases and
one-to-many relationship
[
2
]
one-to-one relationship
privileges required to create foreign keys
self-referential constraints
triggers and
REGISTER procedure
remote exception handling
REMOVE procedure
REMOVE_PIPE procedure
RENAME command
renaming objects
repeatable reads
[
2
]
RESET_PACKAGE procedure
RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma
syntax for
using to control side effects
[
2
]
variant
REVOKE command
when in effect
revoking privileges and roles
on selected columns
REVOKE command
[
2
]
RNDS argument
RNPS argument
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS view
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS view
roles
ADMIN OPTION and
advantages
application
[
2
]
creating
default
dropping
enabling
[
2
]
GRANT and REVOKE commands
granting
managing
operating system granting of
privileges for creating
security policy for application
SET ROLE command
user
user privileges and enabling
when to enable
WITH GRANT OPTION and
ROLLBACK command
rolling back transactions, to savepoints
row exclusive locks (RX), LOCK TABLE command
row labels, modifying
row locking, manually locking
row share locks (RS), LOCK TABLE command
row triggers
defining
REFERENCING option
timing
UPDATE statements and
[
2
]
ROW_LOCKING parameter
locking and
ROWID datatype
changes in
ROWLABEL pseudo-column
DBMS MAC mode
OS MAC mode
rows
chaining across blocks
format
header
size
violating integrity constraints
ROWTYPE_MISMATCH exception
RS locks, LOCK TABLE command
RX locks, LOCK TABLE command
S
S locks, LOCK TABLE command
sample programs
daemon.pc
daemon.sql
SAVEPOINT command
savepoints
maximum number of
rolling back to
schemas
security
enforcing in applications
in PL/SQL file I/O
policy for applications
roles, advantages
when using the UTL_FILE package
SELECT ... FOR UPDATE command
SELECT command
OS MAC mode
read consistency
SEND_MESSAGE function
SEQUENCE_CACHE_ENTRIES parameter
sequences
accessing
altering
caching numbers
caching sequence numbers
creating
[
2
] [
3
]
CURRVAL
[
2
]
dropping
initialization parameters
NEXTVAL
parallel server
privileges for creating
privileges to alter
privileges to drop
privileges to use
reducing serialization
using in applications
SERIALIZABLE option, for ISOLATION LEVEL
SERIALIZABLE parameter
locking and
serializable transactions
Server Manager, SET SERVEROUTPUT ON command
sessions
communicating between
package state and
SET ROLE command
[
2
]
when using operating system roles
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SET TRANSACTION command
SET_DEFAULTS procedure
SET_LABEL procedure
SET_MLS_LABEL_FORMAT procedure
SET_NLS procedure
SET_ROLE procedure
SET_SQL_TRACE procedure
SGA
share locks (S), LOCK TABLE command
share row exclusive locks (SRX), LOCK TABLE command
shared SQL areas, using in applications
SHOW command, LABEL option
side effects
[
2
]
SIGNAL procedure
signatures
for dependencies among PL/SQL library units
to manage remote dependencies
SORT_AREA_SIZE parameter, index creation and
SQL statements
access in PL/SQL
application design and
execution
in trigger bodies
not allowed in triggers
privileges required for
when constraint checking occurs
SQL*Loader, indexes and
SQL*Module
applications
calling stored procedures from
SQL*Plus
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
] [
5
] [
6
] [
7
] [
8
] [
9
]
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON command
SRX locks, LOCK Table command
standards
ANSI
compliance
statement triggers
conditional code for statements
defining
specifying
specifying SQL statement
timing
UPDATE statements and
[
2
]
state, session, of package objects
storage parameters
PCTFREE
PCTUSED
stored functions
creating
stored procedures
argument values
compilation, avoiding runtime
creating
distributed query creation
exceptions
exceptions in
invoking
listing information about
names of
overloading names of
parameter
privileges
[
2
]
recompiling
remote
remote objects and
storing
supplied
synonyms
using in applications
using privileges granted to PUBLIC
structs, arrays of in C
supplied procedures
synonyms
creating
dropped tables and
dropping
privileges
[
2
]
stored procedures and packages
using
SYSDATE function
system global area
buffers DBMS_OUTPUT data
buffers pipes information
holds sequence number cache
system-specific Oracle documentation
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
] [
5
] [
6
] [
7
] [
8
] [
9
] [
10
]
PL/SQL wrapper
UTLDTREE.SQL script
T
tables, altering
[
2
]
constraining
creating
[
2
]
designing
dropping
guidelines
[
2
]
in PL/SQL
increasing column length
key-preserved
location
mutating
privileges for creation
privileges for dropping
privileges to alter
schema of clustered
specifying PCTFREE for
specifying PCTUSED for
specifying tablespace
truncating
temporary segments, index creation and
text, conventions in this Guide
third generation language
thread safety, in OCI applications
timestamps, for dependencies among PL/SQL library units
TO_CHAR function
TO_LABEL function
transactions
manual locking
read-only
serializable
SET TRANSACTION command
triggers
about
accessing column values
AFTER
auditing with
BEFORE
body
check constraints
column list in UPDATE
[
2
]
compiled
conditional predicates
[
2
]
creating
data access and
debugging
designing
disabling
distributed query creation
dropped tables and
enabling
error conditions and exceptions
events
examples
FOR EACH ROW clause
generating derived column values
illegal SQL statements
integrity constraints vs.
[
2
]
listing information about
migration issues
modifying
multiple same type
mutating tables and
naming
package variables and
prerequisites before creation
privileges
[
2
]
privileges to disable
privileges to drop
procedures and
recompiling
[
2
]
REFERENCING option
referential integrity and
remote dependencies and
remote exceptions
restrictions
[
2
]
row
scan order
stored
use of LONG and LONG RAW datatypes
username reported in
using in applications
WHEN clause
TRUNCATE TABLE command
Trusted Oracle7 Server, dynamic SQL
tuning
overview
using LONGs
U
unhandled exceptions
UNIQUE key constraints
altering
combining with NOT NULL constraint
composite keys and nulls
data integrity
disabling
enabling
PRIMARY KEY constraint vs.
when to use
UNIQUE_SESSION_ID procedure
UNPACK_MESSAGE procedures
UPDATE command
column values and triggers
data consistency
triggers and
[
2
]
triggers for referential integrity
[
2
]
updating applications
updating tables, with parent keys
[
2
]
USER function
user locks, requesting
user-defined errors
[
2
]
declaring
USER_ERRORS view
for debugging stored procedures
USERENV function, LABEL option
username, as reported in a trigger
usernames, database, schemas and
users, database, dropped roles and
UTL_FILE package
security issues
UTLDTREE.SQL file
[
2
]
UTLEXCPT.SQL file
UTLLOCKT.SQL script
V
VARCHAR datatype
VARCHAR2 datatype
when to use
VARIABLE_VALUE procedure
[
2
]
views
creating
creating with errors
dropped tables and
dropping
FOR UPDATE clause and
invalid
join views
ORDER BY clause and
privileges
[
2
]
recompiling
replacing
restrictions
using
when to use
WITH CHECK OPTION
violating integrity constraints
W
WAITANY procedure
WAITONE procedure
WHEN clause
cannot contain PL/SQL expressions
WITH GRANT OPTION
WNDS argument
WNPS argument
wrapper
to hide PL/SQL code
X
X locks, LOCK TABLE command
Y
Z